Yeah, me too. Happened last week when I was messing around with some DeFi plays. Felt like a total noob. But here's the deal: Solana's already dirt cheap-basic transfers are just 0.000005 SOL, like half a penny. Token swaps? Same tiny fee. Still, if you're trading high volume or running bots, those pennies stack up. So I dug into this, tested a ton, and cut my costs by like 70%. Wanna know how? Stick with me. We'll hit 7 strategies that actually work.
Okay, first up-batching. Instead of firing off one transaction after another, cram a bunch into one. Why? Each solo tx costs that base 0.000005 SOL, plus any priority if you're in a rush. Batching slashes the total count.
In my experience, this saved me the most on NFT mints. I was dropping 20 individually-boom, 0.0001 SOL gone. Batched 'em? Down to 0.000005. Pretty much free.
npm i @solana/web3.js.VersionedTransaction class.TransactionInstruction array.connection.sendTransaction(batchTx).Pro tip: Watch for compute unit limits. Solana caps at 1.4 million units per tx. Overflow? Splits your batch. Happened to me once-split into two, still cheaper than 20 singles.
Network gets jammed? Fees don't skyrocket like Ethereum, but priority fees kick in if you wanna jump the line. Solana's base is flat-always ~0.000005 SOL-but add priority fees during peaks, and you're paying extra compute units.
So, monitor congestion. I use Solana Beach or Dune dashboards. Quiet times? Like weekends or early UTC mornings. Fees drop to bare minimum. Why does this matter? High volume trading bots bleed cash otherwise.
Here's a quick table of what I track:
| Time (UTC) | Avg Priority Fee | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| 00:00-06:00 | 0.000001 SOL | Bulk ops |
| 12:00-18:00 | 0.000005 SOL | Normal swaps |
| Peak (20:00-23:00) | 0.00001+ SOL | Only if urgent |
Sound familiar? Yeah, plan your bot runs around this. Saved me 30% last month.
Fees tie to tx size in bytes. Smaller payload? Lower cost. Simple.
The thing is, I ignored this at first. My swap script was fat with debug logs. Trimmed it? Tx from 1KB to 300 bytes. Fee halved. Test yours with tx.serialize().length.
I had like 50 dusty token accounts from airdrops. Closed 'em via Phantom wallet: right click account > close. Got back 0.02 SOL. Boom. Instant savings.
But watch out-closing burns the data. Can't recover. And for programs? Pre fund to exemption: calculate with rent.minimumBalance(data.len).
Why bother? High volume users rack up accounts fast. This one's passive savings.
If you're querying the chain a ton-like for bots or apps-public RPCs throttle you and cost indirect fees via delays. Switch to efficient RPC management.
I run a QuickNode endpoint now. But here's how to optimize any:
jsonParsed: true in getMultipleAccounts.Costs dropped from $50/month to $10. Monitor with Prometheus. Set alerts over 1k calls/min.
Over caching stale data? Add TTL like 5 seconds for blocks. Lost a trade once-lesson learned.
For devs building on Solana, inefficient Rust code guzzles compute units. Base tx is cheap, but complex ops add up.
I usually go for O(n log n) sorts over quadratic. Pre allocate memory-avoids fragmentation. Batch ops in one instruction.
Example: In Anchor, use #[account] wisely. Smaller data structs. Test CU with solana test validator. Aim under 200k units.
Off chain compute where possible. Only settle on chain. Turned my dApp from 0.01 SOL/tx to 0.000005.
Question: Running a game? Serialize scores off chain, batch updates. Fees vanish.
Solana lets you add priority: computeUnitPrice: 1000 microLamports per CU. Great for MEV protection, but overkill most times.
Stick to zero or minimal. Use wallets with estimators-Phantom shows total pre send: base + priority + rent.
In code:
connection.getRecentPrioritizationFees().tx.add(ComputeBudgetInstruction.setComputeUnitPrice(100)).Honestly, this alone cut my bot fees 40%. Bots gonna bot-don't overpay.
Don't cherry pick. Combine. My setup: Batch + time + cache + rent close = under 0.0001 SOL for 100 ops daily.
Issues? Network outages-rare now, but retry logic: exponential backoff, 3 tries max.
Track everything. I log fees to a sheet: date, type, cost. Adjust weekly.
One more: Stake idle SOL for 5-7% APY. Fees become pocket change.